Munzir's blog

The difference between Religious tolerance and Respect for religious beliefs

2011-02-12T20:32:00.003+05:00

Religious toleration is the condition of accepting/ permitting others' religious beliefs and practices which contradict/disagree with one's own view/practice.

Religious tolerance is different from respecting the religion itself. It is agreeing that the other person has the right to hold on to his/her belief. It is respecting the right of others to hold their beliefs. If there was respect for all religions it wouldn't make us progress. Progress comes from questioning a certain belief and evolving it overtime. Criticizing/reforming a mainstream belief is the same-thing as disrespecting the religion. But this criticism lets us evolve and progress overtime.

I for one, respect, and accept the right of others to hold on to different beliefs which may contradict my own. But I may not respect the religion/belief itself.

For example I do not respect the belief called Wahabism, but I do respect the right of people to hold on to their beliefs (if they do not mean any harm to others). For me, Wahabism, is sexist, backward and primitive and these people have strayed away from what they believe as a scripture in my opinion. I'm just expressing my opinion.

Another example is that while I do not respect creationism (the belief itself), I do respect creationists' rights to believe and hold on to that belief, and also criticize my own belief of evolution. I would not get violent if they criticize my beliefs and it should be that way. There is no point in being violent. It is a reflection of uncivilized, devolved behavior in my opinion.

My response to the people who think that the Maldivian Constitution grants people full rights

2010-12-23T23:08:00.010+05:00

Some people think that the Maldivian constitution is very humane and tolerant...and that it gives people full freedom of...

Freedom of thought, opinion and expression:

Article 27 states: “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and the freedom to communicate opinions and expression in a manner that is not CONTRARY TO ANY TENET OF ISLAM.”

Why does this part:- "Not Contrary to any tenet of Islam" have to come in our constitution. Islam should not become a limit to free speech, because of 2 reasons:

1)Your "Islam" may be different from my "Islam"

2)Everyone does not necessarily have to be Muslim (2:256), [10:99]

If freedom of thought, opinion and expression existed, people would be able to express their thought, opinion and religious belief publicly and promote secular thought which is illegal in Maldives due this phrase:- "Not Contrary to any tenet of Islam" being added.

moving on...

Freedom to aquire knowledge and learn:

Article 29, of the constitution guarantees “Everyone has the freedom to acquire and impart knowledge, information and learning”

If everyone had the freedom to acquire and impart knowledge, information and learn why does the country ban religious books like the bible? I think that the Ban on some books (which appear contrary to Islam) contradicts with this law.

Freedom of association

Article 30, guarantees “freedom of association”

If freedom of association existed people would make groups and promote their views that maybe even contradictory to mainstream Islam.

Freedom of peaceful Assembly

Article 32 of the constitution guarantees freedom of peaceful assembly

If freedom of peaceful assembly existed people would be able to have protest/gatherings which may promote a view that contradicts with mainstream Islam. But this is again contradicted by article 19 of the Constitution.

Article 19 of the constitution states that citizens may not engage in any conduct or activity that is expressly prohibited by Islamic Shari’ah.

Doesn't article 19 contradict article 32 then??

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Only one thing is left out, that is freedom of religion. I must tell you that without freedom of religion, full freedom in a country/society/state would not exist. All the above rights work together in order to grant us freedom of Religion. If freedom of religion existed in Maldives, people will not get stripped of their citizenship and they will be free to worship peacefully. Also, they would be able to build their places of worship and worship peacefully. The former apostate Mohamed Nazim, will not be liable for prosecution if freedom of religion existed.

People should be free to believe what they want to believe. If a community or system or any structure deprives its members of this basic freedom, it will produce hypocrites and suppressed people who have no strength of belief or goals to work for and will likely result in a weak system or community. Freedom of belief is the air that healthy and just communities breathe.

Conclusion

There is no Freedom of thought, opinion and expression in the Maldives There is no Freedom to acquire knowledge and learn in the Maldives. There is no Freedom of peaceful Assembly and freedom of association in the Maldives and most importantly, there is no Freedom of religion in the Maldives.

For the Maldivians who use the fact that the Vatican is 100% Christian against freedom of religion in the Maldives

2010-12-20T19:32:00.006+05:00

Some people have found out a rather stupid way to justify that freedom of religion should not be allowed in Maldives because the Vatican, being a non Muslim/'Western' state comprises of entirely Christian citizens.

This is a rather stupid way to oppose freedom of religion if you ask me, I hope that my readers will also agree with me.

I have two or three refutations for them.

Firstly, you must understand that most citizens of the Vatican are members of the Christian Clergy, meaning that they comprise almost entirely of Bishops, Priests and Cardinals plus, the personal Body Guards of the Pope. There are also a very few people who are Officials of the state. The members of the clergy cannot be Non Christian. Would you accept a Jewish "priest" or a Christian priest to spread Islam in a mosque?

Secondly, the Body which is responsible of protecting the Pope is known as the Swiss Guard. (It is a small force maintained by the Holy See and is responsible for the safety of the Pope, including the security of the Apostolic Palace. It serves as the de facto military of Vatican City..)

The vaticans would not want Non-Christians to guard their holy places, secrets and relics would they? If you disagree, then I suggest you put a Non Muslim to guard the Kaaba in Mecca. That would be cool, would it not?

Mecca, Saudi Arabia contains the holiest shrine in Islam, the Kaaba, does not allow non Muslims to reside or even step inside the city. Saudi Arabia is a 100% Muslim country (according to the Saudi Arabian Government), and it does not allow Non Muslim foreigners to even step inside the city of Mecca. For all I know, I am allowed to go to Vatican city/visit it even if I am a non Christian.

You must understand that most of the workers in the Vatican are not citizens of Vatican city. They are Italians and they reside outside the Vatican. For this reason, all of the actual Vatican citizens are Christian.

Thirdly, they claim that Maldives is an Islamic state, and again claim it to be 100% Muslim. I do not believe that it is neither "islamic" nor 100% Muslim. If Maldives is a Muslim state, then why does it follow the Constitution over the Divine Commandments? Why would a Convicted Non Muslim not only lose their citizenship , but be liable for prosecution as well. God has commanded you not to force others to believe. I believe prosecuting them=forcing.

Consider this quranic verse:

Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in God has grasped the most sure hand-hold, that never breaks. And God is Hearing, Knowing. [2:256]

You should find more about religious freedom of you read my previous blog post. <---click on link

Cheers!

Freedom of religion is a right guaranteed by GOD

2010-12-13T19:21:00.001+05:00

Dear Maldivian Muslims.

Why do you believe in forcing Islam on Non Muslims? Do you know that according to the Qur'an, it is a sin to do so?

The Quran states, in no ambiguous terms:

Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in God has grasped the most sure hand-hold, that never breaks. And God is Hearing, Knowing. [2:256]

Also:

[109:0] In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

[109:1] Say, "O you disbelievers.

[109:2] "I do not worship what you worship.

[109:3] "Nor do you worship what I worship.

[109:4] "Nor will I ever worship what you worship.

[109:5] "Nor will you ever worship what I worship.

[109:6] "To you is your religion, and to me is my religion."

The Quran also States that if GOD had willed, surely all those on earth would have believed. If GOD didn't then who is man to enforce such a thing if GOD did not? We find evidence about my claim in the verse below:

And if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them; will you then force men till they become believers? [10:99]

We are commanded by GOD to simply warn the non believers by means of the Quran, with wisdom and kind words. Not death threats!!! Why did many of you call for Mohamed Nazim's head when he declared himself as an Atheist and Apostate? In my opinion, I see that you are directly contradicting the Quran and ignoring GOD's words in favour of extremist institutions like Salaf who clearly called for Mohamed Nazim's head. Is what the religion of peace commands you to do? To kill people for having a different beliefs? I do not think so. And I think GOD forbids it.

You shall invite to the path of your Lord with wisdom and kind words, and debate with them in the best possible manner. Your Lord knows best who has strayed from His path, and He knows best who are the guided ones. [16:125]

Dear Maldivian Muslims

You should learn to tolerate other people's beliefs as Muhammed (PBUH) did. He did not kill the Non-Muslims in Medina and he tolerated them. Or do you believe that he did? How would you feel if you were born in a Non Muslim country and killed for being a Muslim? You would feel oppressed. So be humane and tolerate others.

The Polytheists in Mecca oppressed Muhammed and his followers because they were Muslim. So if you Maldivian Muslims do the same thing to Non-Muslim Maldivians, then wouldn't it be unfair?

Peace!

For people who think the AE86 is a favourite among ricers

2010-06-13T19:46:00.015+05:00

Gentlemen, please note that the AE86 is not a ricer. It isn't. I have never seen a ricer made out of an AE86. But they might exist. An AE86 is a car that is driven my car enthusiasts who value skills and speed (in corners) more than body work and modifications. Often, ricers have cheap heavily modified bodies. They use materials like wood to make spoilers and paint their cars using cheap wall paint.

Mostly, FWD cars like the Honda civic is popular among ricers. A true AE86 lover buys that car for

one sole purpose. That is to drift.

Despite being old, the AE86 is still used in major drifting competitions even today by professional drivers.

Keichi Tsuchiya 土屋圭市 known as the "Drift King" otherwise as Dorikin (ドリキン) even drives an AE86.

The AE86 is very much praised by Japanese street racers (Hashiriya) (走り屋). Also, the Drift king keichi Tsuchiya drove the AE86 daily in his youth. He is most known for illegally street racing with the Ae86 on touges.

His famous quotes include "The Most Important thing is Balance." (Tsuchiya says this word in every drift action)

"What is power without control?"

"This is fun! I wish that Toyota could make cars like this again!" (on the Toyota AE86)

Mostly, you find totally stock AE86's. The engine is the only place that most people modify in an AE86.

A large number of people paint their AE86's black and white panda while keeping it's body stock. The only part that is modified is the engine where many tune their cars without adding turbos. Also, some replace the normal 4A-GE Engine with 4A-GE's found in AE92s' and AE101s'.

Nobody buys an AE86 to show that it has power. The AE86 is actually a stable RWD underpowered car that drifts at great speeds in corners. It's engine is easy to modify too.

And also note that the AE86 is not a cheap car anymore, it is rare and expensive whilst there are hundreds of thousands of Honda Civics (a great, lightweight, FWD car that is literally eaten by ricer boys).

Carbon Fibre hoods are common modifications for an AE86. It has an effect on the performance of the AE86 because it makes the front lighter. This also indicates that the AE86 isn't a car that many ricers use as they use material that adds more weight to a car.

Please note that there might be punks who rice their AE86's like the Civics, but that would certainly be uncommon.

Toyota AE86 Gt-APEX vs toyota MR2 AW11

2010-06-12T22:32:00.014+05:00

I am writing this article to compare one of the greatest cars the 80s had to offer. It would be a thrill to drive them on the road, especially on mountain passes (touge) for any car enthusiast.

Overview
These cars were 2 door sports cars that toyota offered during the early 80s. They had the same engine.

MR2 AWll

Toyota AE86

Toyota AE86 was a small, lightweight, RWD car offered as a coupe or hatchback. It was the high performance version of the fifth generation toyota corolla/sprinter. It was also the last RWD car offered in the Corolla/Sprinter lineup. Two versions, called Levin and Trueno were offered. The Trueno version had pop-up head lights while the Levin version had fixed headlights. Please keep in mind that there is no difference in performance between the two versions.

When compared to the MR2, the AE86 car is much popular among car enthusiasts and has a large fan base. There are a lot of dreamers out there who dream of obtaining the AE86 but not the MR2. The 'civic fever' is now turning into a new fever, that is, 'AE86 fever.' Many people are now realizing the advantages that RWD cars have over FWD cars.

trueno

These pictures show 2 AE86 with pop up

headlights therefore it is a trueno

Levin

Fixed headlights are shown

therefore, the car shown left

is a levin

In Japan, the AE86 was also known as the Hachi-Roku (ハチロク), Japanese for "eight-six".

Engine

The highest performing engine fitted to the AE86 is known as the toyota 4A-GE engine.

It is a 4 cilinder engine manufactured by Toyota and had a displacement of 1587 cubic centimeters. The same engine was used in the AW11 toyota MR2.

This engine had a maximum gross power output of 130 PS (96 kW) and 110 lb·ft (150 N·m) of torque in standard form. The AE86 GT-APEX came with a 5-speed manual gearbox. The 4A-GE engines used in the AE86 and AW11 were equipped with T -VIS (Toyota Variable Intake System). The GT-APEX model Limited Slip Differential (LSD).

The AE86 used ventilated disc brakes. The car was equipped with a MacPherson strut style independent suspension at the front and a four-link live axle with coil springs for the rear. Stabilizer bars were present at both ends. The GT-APEX version had a 6.7" rear differential.

Toyota MR2 AW11

The small, lightweight MR2 (chassis code "AW11") was something no one had expected from Toyota at that time was known for their economical and practical family cars. The two-seat MR2 was definitely not practical as a family car, designed for style and sport.

The MR2 Aw11 had the same engine As the toyota Ae86's Gt-APEX.

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Comparison of Body styles between the MR2 and the Ae86 :

The AE86 was offered as a 2 door coupe or a 2 door hatchback. The 2 door coupe version is know to be lighter and more rigid than the 2 door hatchback. The AE86 looks like a normal sports car in my opinion

On the other hand, the MR2 was only offered as a 2 door coupe. It is an extremely beautiful car that looks like a ferrari Dino in my opinion.

Therefore, the MR2 gets the edge in styling.

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Comparison of Curb weight

The GT-APEX AE86 model weighed between 900 and 960 Kg. And the MR2 AWll weighed between 950 and 1000 KG

The AE86 is lighter so the tyres wont wear out so easily.

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Comparing the Drivetrain of these two cars

The MR2 had an MR layout which means that it's engine was in the middle and has rear wheel drive. This makes the front light and the rear heavy in most cases. This makes the real slide in corners often resulting in oversteer and spinning. The MR2 isn't a good choice for drifting in my opinion.

On the other hand the 'hachi roku' had an FR layout which means that it's has it's engine in the front accompanied by rear wheel drive. It was also a very stable car which made it a very Good car to drift. In fact, keichi Tsuchiya, the father of drift, drove this car daily as a way of improving his abilities. Overall, the AE86 appears more advantages than the Mr2 in drifting. But their cornering in grip races is equally matched.

When talking about tyre wear, I'd say that the AE86 will endure more than MR2. Because it is lighter and also because it is an FR as opposed to the MR2 being an MR car.

The Hachi Roku wins this round.

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Comparing their Performance

The MR2 was faster in a straight line because it was more aerodynamic than the AE86. But it was slower in corners because it cannot drift like the AE86. And these cars are not meant to be dragsters. It's the corners that count for then, so I'd say that the AE86 wins this round.

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Conclution

The MR2 has way too many flaws and is much harder to drift than the AE86. It is also heavier and wears out it's tyres quickly. Overall, I'd say that the AE86 is a much better car for a car enthusiast.

Some problems in the Islamic Studies Curriculum taught in Maldivian schools

2010-06-05T18:13:00.004+05:00

I don't gain anything important when I study "Islamic studies" because the Islam taught in schools (Memorization) is very different from the Islam (submission to GOD) I practice. But, I don't lose anything either.

However, I find Islamic studies a bit easier than other subjects because I have been searching for answers for quite sometime.

Here are some problems in the Islamic Studies curriculum taught in Maldivian schools.

1)It demands the memorization of the Dhivehi translation of the Koran:

Why do we have to memorize some other person's views word to word? Translations are translations and they are different. Eg:- When we compare Rashad Khalifa's translation with yusuf Ali's translation there are differences. Let's compare one verse, verse 2:256 of the Koran.

Rashad Khalifa:-

[2:256] There shall be no compulsion in religion: the right way is now distinct from the wrong way. Anyone who denounces the devil and believes in GOD has grasped the strongest bond; one that never breaks. GOD is Hearer, Omniscient.

Yusuf Ali

[2:256] Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error: whoever rejects evil and believes in Allah hath grasped the most trustworthy hand-hold, that never breaks. And Allah heareth and knoweth all things.

If they want to take islamic studies to a bigger level, then why can't they teach us Arabic? I would love to learn it.

2)Why are there questions like "Miaayathun dheyha vaa maana liyey" in some questions.

In english the above question is translated as "Write what you understand from the above Verse"

These questions shouldn't be given to students in my opinion. Because the students' understanding/view/opinion might be different from teacher. Often, many students loose marks when these questions come. Because their understanding should be the same as the teacher. This is absurd<--- Any sane person would know this...

There are many other problems with the curriculum and I will share my views about them in the future.

peace!

Turbocharger vs Supercharger

2010-03-21T23:55:00.002+05:00

This article's point is to compare a turbocharger with a supercharger. THese machines are responsible for increasing engine power, torque and performance. Let's see which one's better. I'll try to keep it short.

Let's see what these machines really are:-

Turbocharger
A turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor that is used for forced-induction of an internal combustion engine. The turbo increases the density of air entering the engine of a car. This creates more power. A turbocharger has a turbine which drives air into the engine, so it is not mechanically driven inside. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a gas compressor on a shared shaft. Heat energy is used to make the turbo rotate which pumps air into the engine. This increases the power and torque of the engine.

The turbocharger's small size and low weight have production and marketing advantage to vehicle manufacturers. By providing naturally-aspirated and turbocharged versions of one engine, the manufacturer can offer two different power outputs with only a fraction of the development and production costs of designing and installing a different engine.

Supercharger
A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. This also increases the power and torque output of an engine. A supercharger can be powered mechanically by a belt, gear, shaft, or chain connected to the engine's crankshaft. The gases are mechanically driven into the engine without the use of a turbine.

Advantages and disadvantages of a turbocharger
Advantages
It is very light
2)It is cheaper-Some cost a few 100$, superchargers cost 1000s of $$
3)Increased peak power-This power is useful when when need to go fast, to pass someone, or if you live in an area with mountains, the increased power can be helpful in climbing the steep roads.
4)Decrease in exhaust emissions-Turbochargers recycle the air used by the engine, which decreases the amount of fumes released into the atmosphere.
5)Turbochargers are generally quieter than superchargers-Because it's turbine is in the exhaust

Disadvantages
1)Has turbo Lag-they do not provide an immediate power boost when you step on the gas. It takes a second for the turbine to get up to speed before boost is produced. This results in a feeling of lag when you step on the gas, and then the car lunges ahead when the turbo gets moving, or "spools up."
2)System that controls the fuel-to-oxygen ratio could malfunction-Might not provide enough fuel to the engine
3)Works at a higher RPM. (Good for higher speed challanges. Bad for drag races)
4)Becomes hotter than a supercharger-An intercooler becomes compulsary even for small low output turbochargers.
5)Difficult to install
6)Difficult to tune

Advantages and disadvantages of a supercharger
Advantages

1)Does not have turbo lag-A supercharger operates mechanically
2)Easier to tune
3)Easier to install
4)works at lower RPM
5)Good for drag races due to no lag

Disadvantages
1)Expensive
2)Less efficent
3)A supercharger produces less power and torque
4)It is louder

Conclusion
I'd say that they are even.

peace!

Nissan skyline GTR R32 vs Toyota Supra MK4

2010-03-12T22:49:00.002+05:00

This is my effort at comparing the greatest Japanese cars in history. It is not easy to compare them and I have to say, I put a lot of effort at reading about these two legendary Race Machines.

Now let us look at the history of both cars.

Nissan Skyline GTR R32
The Nissan Skyline GT-R is a Japanese sports car based on the Nissan Skyline range.

The first GT-Rs' were produced from 1969-1977. After a 16 year hiatus since the KPGC110 in 1972, the GT-R name was revived in 1989 with the Skyline R32. This car was nicknamed "Godzilla" by the Australian motoring publication "Wheels" in its July 1989 edition, a name that sticks to this day. The R32 GT-R surprisingly dominated the motorsport in Japan, winning a 29 straight victories out of 29 races. The GT-R proceeded to win the JTC Group A series championship 4 years in a row, and also had success in the Australian Touring Car Championship winning from 1990–1992, until the GT-R was outlawed in 1993. The Skyline GT-R (R33) was also the first production car to lap the legendary Nürburgring in under eight minutes.

The Skyline GT-R became the flagship of Nissan performance, showcasing many advanced technologies including the ATTESA-ETS 4WD system and the Super-HICAS four-wheel steering. The GT-Rs remained inexpensive compared to its European rivals, with a list-price of ¥ 4.5 million (US$ 31,000). Today, the car is popular for import Drag Racing, Circuit Track, Time Attack and events hosted by tuning magazines. The GT-R actually is the winner in the 2007 Tsukuba Time Attack held in Japan—the M-Speed GT-R (9 out of the top 15 cars consists of GT-Rs). Production of the GT-R officially ceased in August 2002.

The Skyline GT-R was never manufactured outside of Japan, and the sole export markets were Australia, in 1991. Despite this the car has become an iconic sports car, including in countries from the Western World (mainly the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and Canada). It has become notable through pop culture such as cinema and video games like the The Fast and the Furious series, Initial D, Wangan Midnight, and Gran Turismo.

The car was named by BBC's Top Gear as the only true Japanese contribution in the line of Supercars. The car was also named by the main presenter of the show, Jeremy Clarkson, as one of the best cars in the world.

We'll be looking at the R32 model of the GTR

Toyota Supra MK4
The Toyota Supra is a sports car/grand tourer that was produced by Toyota Motor Company from 1979 to 2002.

The styling of the Toyota Supra was derived from the Toyota Celica, but it was both longer and wider. Starting in mid-1986, the Supra (in its third generation, MKIII) became its own model and was no longer based on the Celica. In turn, Toyota also stopped using the prefix Celica and began just calling the car Supra.Due to the similarity and past of the Celica's name, it is frequently mistaken for the Toyota Supra, and vice versa.

The Supra also traces much of its roots back to the Toyota 2000GT with the main instance being its engine. The first three generations were offered with a direct descendant to the 2000GT's M engine. All four generations of Supra produced have an inline 6-cylinder engine. Interior aspects were also similar.

Along with this name and car Toyota also included its own logo for the Supra. It is derived from the original Celica logo, being blue instead of orange. This logo was used until January 1986, when the MKIII Supra was introduced. The new logo was similar in size, with orange writing on a red background, but without the dragon design. That logo, in turn, was on Supras until 1991 when Toyota switched to its current oval company logo.

In 1999, Toyota ceased sales of the Supra in the United States and in 2002 Toyota officially stopped production of the Supra in Japan.

As an iconic sports car, the Supra has appeared in numerous video games, movies, music videos and TV shows. Some of the most notable appearances include the Gran Turismo, Need for Speed, and Midnight Club series of video games and the 2001 film, The Fast and the Furious.

We'll be looking at the Mark 4 supra that appeared in 1994 which was based on the drivetrain, suspension and subframe of the Luxurious Toyota Soarer Z30.

Styling of both cars
Nissan Skyline GTR R32
The nissan Skyline GTR was a 2 door coupe which was based on the mid-size Nissan Skyline. It was quite Large and heavy compared to Sports cars at the time it was released. An easy way to distinguish the GTR with the GTS-type M is to look at the differences in the front bumper. The GTR has a horizontal grille while the GTS-type M doesn't. Another way to distinguish the GTR and the GTS-type M is to look for the different rear spoiler. The spoiler on the GTS-type M is lower than the GTR's one. When it was released it Had a curb weight of 1430 Kg

Toyota Supra MK4
The toyota supra MK4 was a GT-Hatchback and was much sportier than the sedan-like skyline. However we must not Judge these cars by looks alone. We must compare their performance and technology.

The supra MK4 was a little bit shorter than the skyline GTR, but it was much heavier, than the skyline GTR with the NA (naturally aspirated) models having a curb weight of 1450 Kg and the Turbo models weighing 1550 Kg.

Conclusion on the Styling.
I think we can easily conclude that the supra has the Edge when it comes to styling. A fool would pick the skyline over the supra when they judge the styling of both cars. This is because more people choose luxurious GT cars instead of sedan-like 2 door coupes.

Performance and Technology
Nissan Skyline GTR R32
The Nissan skyline GTR R32's 2.6 litre RB26DETT was advertised to produce 276 HP(206 KW, 280 PS) and produced 266 ib ft (361 Nm) of torque, but it actually produced 325-350 HP. The stock turbo-chargers were of a hybrid steel/ceramic design allowing them to spool up faster due to the light nature of the ceramic exhaust wheel.

Power was delivered to all four wheels using an electronically-controlled all wheel drive system referred to by Nissan as the ATTESA-ETS system. The ATTESA-ETS system uses two G-Sensors mounted underneath the center console, which feed lateral and longitudinal inputs to the ECU. The ECU would then control the feed of power by allowing a limited amount to be delivered to the front wheels via an electronic torque split converter.

The R32 could be switched from AWD to RWD by removing the 4WD fuse

The car also had computer-controlled all wheel steering system referred to as HICAS. The HICAS system activated when the vehicle exceeded 80 km/h (50 mph) and controlled the steering of the rear wheels in the same direction as the front to improve turn in on entry to corners. It should be noted however that this feature is often seen as more of a hindrance than help in race applications. The system tends to favor less advanced drivers, and can make the rear suspension unstable during high speed cornering. For this reason many kits are available to override this system usually by looping its hydraulic lines back on themselves. This is seen to make the car much more predictable when driving at the limit of grip.

Toyota Supra MK4
The Toyota Supra MK4 featured two engines:-

A naturally aspirated 2JZ-GE producing 220 hp (164 kW; 223 PS) at 5800 rpm and 210 ft·lb (280 N·m) at 4800 rpm of torque and a twin turbocharged 2JZ-GTE making 276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) and 318 ft·lb (431 N·m) of torque for the Japanese version. For the export model (America/Europe) Toyota upgraded the Supra turbo's engine (smaller, steel wheeled turbochargers, bigger fuel injectors, etc). This increased the power output to 320 hp (239 kW; 324 PS) at 5600 rpm and 315 ft·lb (427 N·m) at 4000 rpm. The turbocharged variant could achieve 0–60 mph in as low as 4.6 seconds and 1/4 mile (402 m) in 13.1 seconds at 109 mph (175 km/h). The turbo version was tested to reach over 280 km/h (174 mph) all-stock, but the cars are restricted to just 180 km/h (112 mph) in Japan and 250 km/h (155 mph) elsewhere. European versions also had an air intake on the bonnet (hood). Drag coefficient is .31 for the naturally aspirated models and .32 for the turbo models and N/A's with the rear spoiler.

Initially all of the exhaust is routed to the first turbine for reduced lag. This resulted in boost and enhanced torque as early as 1800 rpm. Approaching 3500 rpm, some of the exhaust is routed to the second turbine for a "pre-boost" mode, although none of the compressor output is used by the engine at this point. Approaching 4000 rpm, the second turbo's output is used to augment the first turbo's output. As opposed to the parallel mode, the sequential turbos provides quicker low RPM response and increased high RPM boost.

The Supra is one of the heavier 2-door Japanese sports cars. Despite its curb weight, in 1994 the MKIV managed a remarkable skidpad rating of 0.95 lateral g's (200 ft) or 0.98 lateral g's. (300 ft) The MKIV Supra also featured a four-sensor four-channel track tuned ABS system with yaw control whereby each caliper is sensored and the brakes are controlled individually according to the speed, angle, and pitch of the approaching corner. This unique Formula One inspired braking system allowed the Supra Turbo to record a 70 mph (110 km/h) -0 braking distance of 149 feet (45 m),the best braking performance of any production car tested in 1997 by Car and Driver magazine.

Conclusion on Performance and Technology
IT is obvious that the Skyline GTR R32 gets the Edge over performance, it has more HP, more Torque, less weight and AWD. The Supra MK4 was an FR which made it slide on corners. But the skyline GTR was an AWD which made it stable. It can also be made to perform as An FR due to it's ATESSA torque distribution system.

CONCLUSION
THE GTR IS A BETTER CAR THAN THE SUPRA.

AMC gremlin VS Ford Pinto

2010-03-02T19:14:00.002+05:00

First 3 images are images of AMC Gremlin. the other three are images of Ford's Pinto

The ford pinto and the AMC Gremlin are two subcompacts that made their way into the US auto market in the Early 70s. Both cars were cheap, small, and ugly. Each of them is unique and we must learn to appreciate these cars. Both of them are easily distinguishable. Also the Gremlin is known for it's Kahmback type and was often called the "butt of jokes". These cars are also dubbed as "Worst Cars ever made"

Now let us look at the history of both cars.

Ford Pinto
The Ford Pinto was Ford Motor Company's first domestic North American subcompact automobile. Marketed beginning on September 11, 1970,Offered as a coupe, wagon, and Runabout hatchback, the Pinto was popular in sales, with 100,000 units delivered by January 1971 alone. Its reputation suffered over time, however, especially from a controversy surrounding the safety of its gas tank.

AMC Gremlin
The AMC Gremlin is a subcompact car that was made by the American Motors Corporation (AMC) for nine model years. Compared to the Gremlin's competition, AMC reduced development and manufacturing costs by adapting the compact Hornet platform with a new and distinctive abbreviated tail, producing what was described at its introduction as the first domestic-built American subcompact car.

The car was introduced on April Fools' Day 1970, six months ahead of subcompacts from Ford and GM

It was created to compete with imported cars from Japan and Germany; and although its appearance received some criticism, the Gremlin had an important advantage with its low price.

Styling of both cars
The Gremlin received some criticism about it's styling due to it's "butt being cut off" from it's back. Honestly, it might have look better with the rest of it's "butt" and if it had, then it would look like a pony car. (An American car that is affordable, compact and performs better than cars of it's era).

The Gremlin was offered only as a three door hatchback/kahmback.

On the other hand, the Pinto didn't receive any criticism about it's styling, but it received much criticism about it's fuel tank catching fire in rear end collisions. It was indeed a very Unsafe car and if I am to compare the safety of both cars. I would choose the Gremlin to be the safer car. The Pinto had more body styles than the Gremlin.

Body Styles
-2-door coupé
2-door sedan delivery
2-door station wagon
3-door hatchback

The length of gremlin is 161.3 inches (4,097 mm)while the length of the pinto and 163 in (4,140 mm) respectively. But the gremlin had a wheelbase of 96 inches, 2 inches longer than the pinto's wheelbase.

Price of both cars
Both car's had prices below USD 2000 when they were released.

Performance
AMC Gremlin
During its era, the AMC Gremlin's performance was above subcompact car levels. I have my own nikname for it. "THe V8 subcompact"

Fuel economy was reasonably good at 28 mpg-US (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg-imp) to 30 mpg-US (7.8 L/100 km; 36 mpg-imp) with the small six, but it was not competitive with the 35-plus mpg economy of the VW Beetle.

The car's front-heaviness was generally thought to compromise the handling, although Mechanix Illustrated's Tom McCahill found it "fast and easy", and the ride was comparatively stiff because of the shortened rear springs. On the other hand, he showed that acceleration and top speed were better than other subcompacts of the era. McCahill ran the 232-engined Gremlin with automatic transmission from zero to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in 11.9 seconds and saw 100 miles per hour (161 km/h) on the Daytona Speedway straightaway. Car and Driver magazine recorded a 0–60 mph time of 11.9 seconds with a Gremlin powered by the 232 cubic inch engine.

The V8 cut the Gremlin's zero to 60 time to 8.5 seconds, and a V8 Gremlin can more than hold its own against other small-bore V8-engined cars of the 1970s. Amazing for a subcompact car in those days.

The Gremlin's engines were more powerful than any fielded by its main domestic Rivals. Its body structure was more Sound than the Pinto Or the Chevrolet Vega.

Due to their inexpensiveness, strength and the ease with which they could be modified for higher performance, many AMC Gremlins were used in drag racing. Some still appear in competitions.

The highest performing gremlin Had the AMC 304 Cid which produced 140-210 HP which was 3 times the amount of Horsepower that you could get out of a subcompact in the 1970s.

Ford Pinto
Except for 1973 and 1980, the Pinto was available with a choice of two engines. For the first five years of production, only four cylinder inline engines were offered. Ford changed the power ratings almost every year.

Of particular note is the introduction in 1974, of the 2.3 litres (140 cu in) OHC I4 engine. This engine would be updated and modified several times allowing it to remain in production until 1997. Among other Ford vehicles, a turbocharged version of this engine would later power the performance based Thunderbird Turbo Coupe, Mustang SVO, and the European-built Merkur XR4Ti.

Initial Pinto deliveries in the early years used the English (1,600 cc/98 cu in) and German (2,000 cc/120 cu in) engines tuned for performance (see below). The 2,000 cc engine used a two barrel carburetor where just one bore was bigger than that used on the Maverick. With the low weight (not much above 2,000 lb/910 kg) and the SOHC engine it rated a 10.8 second 0-60 time. With the advent of emission control requirements, Ford moved from the European sourced to domestically sourced engines, using new or modified designs. New safety legislation impacted bumpers and other parts adding to the weight of the car, reducing performance.

One major change to hit the industry in 1972 was in the method used to measure horsepower. Using a net figure based on engine power received at the rear wheels rather than the gross number generated untethered on a test stand (incorrect, net hp is measured at the flywheel, but with the engine fully dressed with accessories), the 75 bhp (56 kW) rating of Pinto's 1.6 litres (98 cu in) engine dropped to 54 bhp (40 kW) for 1972, while the bigger 2.0 litres (120 cu in) four went from 100 horsepower (75 kW) in 1971 to 86 hp (64 kW) in '72.

Conclusion on performance:-AMC gremlin is a better car when the performance of both cars are compared

Problems
The AMC Gremlin didn't have any Maintenence, reliability, engine durability or safety problems, the only problem it had was it's styling. On the other hand, the Pinto did have Major safety problems. THe biggest problem was that it caught fire on rear end collisions.

From all these observations, I conclude that the Gremlin is a better car than the pinto. GO GO GREMLIN.

....You Shall Not Make Any Distinction Among God's Messengers

2010-02-17T17:15:00.004+05:00

[4:150] Those who disbelieve in GOD and His messengers, and seek to make distinction among GOD and His messengers, and say, "We believe in some and reject some," and wish to follow a path in between;

[4:151] these are the real disbelievers. We have prepared for the disbelievers a shameful retribution.

[4:152] As for those who believe in GOD and His messengers, and make no distinction among them, He will grant them their recompense. GOD is Forgiver, Most Merciful.

The distinction part caught my eye. Why do Maldivian Muslims make distinction between the prophet Muhammed and the other messengers? Saying that "Muhammedu ge faanu mathiveri vaane ehen rasulunaa nabeeyunah vuren?"

Isn't this making a distinction?

I want answers.

allah = good ﷲ=best އައްލޯހު = haraam?

2010-01-06T21:52:00.002+05:00

Why does it seem blasphemous when we write Allah ( އައްލޯހު <---Like this) in thaana? Why do Maldivians keep saying that using the thaana word "އައްލޯހު" in writings is Haraam?

In my opinion this is absurd. If we cannot use thaana word, "އައްލޯހު" for God, then why are Maldivians using the English word of "Allah" when referring to GOD which now used around the world by all english speaking muslims and non muslims alike? Is it the maldivian people who declare haraam/unlawful and halal/lawful? And if you believe that writing "އައްލޯހު" (in thaana script) is Haraam, then you are making a big mistake. The english word 'Allah' is not pronounced as the arabic ﷲ, so why is it ok to write God's name in english but blasphemy to write it in Dhivehi script?

This is another problem that we face in Maldives. From here onwards I will write ﷲ as އައްލޯހު on islam tests. And I would certainly teach Islam teachers a lesson, if they reduce marks when I write "އައްލޯހު"

Malaysia banned non Muslims to use the word "Allah " for God.

2010-01-06T20:23:00.003+05:00

"The Catholic church in Malaysia has failed in a bid to suspend a government ban on the use of the word "Allah" in its weekly newsletter after the court rejected its application.

The high court ruling on Thursday effectively upheld the federal government's 2007 ban, which has become a symbol of religious tensions in the country.

The government directive bars non-Muslims from translating God as "Allah" in their literature, saying it would confuse Muslims in this plural, Muslim-majority country.

In 2007, the government issued a warning over The Herald's use of the word "Allah", which officials had said could only be used to refer to the Muslim God.

Christian groups say the ban is unconstitutional, arguing that the word "Allah" predates Islam."

This is ridiculous in my opinion. This shows again, how radical south east asian Muslims countries are.

[17:110] Say, "Call Him GOD, or call Him the Most Gracious; whichever name you use, to Him belong the best names."

Moreover Allah is an Arabic word. Arab christians use it. Non Arab muslims use other word/s.

Maldivian youngsters are the most unsure people about their own religion.

2009-12-21T00:32:00.005+05:00

It's funny when some Maldivians (particularly youngsters in the 13-16 range category) have names like "Blasphemer, Baptized, Satanic" etc:- on Facebook. Believe me, the people who have these ridiculous names identify them as "Sunni Muslim" even though they don't have a clue about what these names really are. They don't know about Baptism, Blasphemy or Satanism. They pretend to be what they are not just to gain popularity and attention. I find this extremely absurd and in my opinion I believe that they do not have a strong grasp with their own beliefs. Most Maldivian youngsters do not even know who Jesus Christ(PBUH) really is. Forgive me but all I have to say is "LOL"

So let us look at the meanings of these words.

blasphemer - a person who speaks disrespectfully of sacred things

Therefore that must mean that the person who goes by the name of blasphemer must really speak disrespectfully about his religion.

Baptize/baptism :-In Christianity, baptism (from Greek baptizo: "immersing", "performing ablutions", i.e., "washing") is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted to membership of the Christian Church and, in the view of some, as a member of the particular Church in which the baptism is administered.

Baptism was seen as in some sense necessary for salvation, until Huldrych Zwingli in the sixteenth century denied its necessity. Martyrdom was identified early in church history as "baptism by blood", enabling martyrs who had not been baptized by water to be saved. Later, the Catholic Church identified a baptism of desire, by which those preparing for baptism who die before actually receiving the sacrament are considered saved.

Baptism/"baptize" sounds like a really good name to boost popularity but that doesn't seem to boost your popularity in the eyes of GOD.(Remember that GOD does not have a physical form. My last sentence is just a figure of speech :D)

Now, I wan't to tell you a funny conversation that happened a few weeks ago.
I was talking to a maldivian Sunni girl of my age (14)on Facebook. We were talking for half an hour and suddenly she asked, "May I ask a question?"
I replied, "you may"
She asked, "Your profile picture says that Muslims love jesus too. Why is that so....Well I don't like jesus!"
I replied, "I don't see any reason why you don't like Jesus. I mean to say is that Jesus is the English name for Easa"
She replied, "I'm busy"

She has been busy ever since.

You can see how absurd a maldivian youngster can act. (Excluding me :D)

Excuse me but I can't resist to write "LOL! LOL! LOL! LOL! LOL! LOL! LOL!"

The Maldives and its Judiciary

2009-11-27T23:23:00.002+05:00

I would like to thank my father for providing information needed to write this article.

This article is about the Judiciary of the Republic of Maldives. But before proceeding on the subject, here are some brief details about the country:

The Maldives ( /ˈmɒldaɪvz/ (help·info) or /ˈmɒldiːvz/), (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ) or Maldive Islands, officially the Republic of Maldives, is an island nation consisting of a group of atolls stretching south of India's Lakshadweep islands between Minicoy Island and the Chagos Archipelago, and about seven hundred kilometres (435 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka in the Laccadive Sea of Indian Ocean. The twenty-six atolls of Maldives encompass a territory featuring 1,192 islets, of which two hundred and fifty islands are inhabited.

The inhabitants were Buddhist, probably since Ashoka's period, in the 3rd century BC and possibly Hindu before that. Islam was introduced in 1153. The Maldives then came under the influence of the Portuguese (1558) and the Dutch (1654) seaborne empires. In 1887 it became a British protectorate. In 1965, the Maldives obtained independence from Britain (originally under the name "Maldive Islands"), and in 1968 the Sultanate was replaced by a Republic.

The Maldives is the smallest Asian country in terms of both population and area; it is the smallest predominantly Muslim nation in the world. With two meters from sea level, it is also the country with the lowest highest point in the world.

For more info here is the link : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives

Judiciary

As a Republic the Constitution came into force in 1968 by a (and amended in 1970, 1972, and 1975) has been repealed and replaced by a another Constitution assented to by the President Gayoom on 27 November 1997. This Constitution came into force on 1 January 1998. All stated that the president was the Head of State, Head of Government and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and the Police of the Maldives. Under Intense pressure from the opposition a new Constitution was Ratified, dated 7 August 2008, whereby the power of judiciary was separated from the head of state.

According to the constitution of Maldives, "The judges are independent, and subject only to the constitution and the law. When deciding matters on which the Constitution or the law is silent, judges must consider Islamic Shari’ah."

The independent Judicial Services Commission is the core of the judiciary, who oversee the appointment and dismissal of judges, and act as a 'watchdog' to ensure that Judges uphold their own codes of conduct. Currently in an interim stage, one is appointed by the president, other member from the Civil Service Commission, parliament, the public, high court judge, lower court judge and a supreme court member. Contradiction in the commission’s makeup, which requires a Supreme Court member to be present on the commission, even though the Supreme Court must be composed with the advice of the commission.

There has been raised concerns over the independence of the commission, given that of eight interim members, the President appoints one and all current judges were appointed by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom (ed note : he was defeated in the last presidential elections held on 28th October 2008 by the opposition party, MDP; a new president was sworn in office on 11th Nov 2008) under the previous constitution, of them two were appointed to the commission.

The Supreme Court of Maldives is headed by a Chief Justice, who is the head of judiciary. Right now at a interim stage the President appointed 5 judges, who was approved by the Parliament. The interim court will sit until a new permanent Supreme Court is nominated under the constitution. Underneath the Supreme Court a High Court and a Trial court. The constitution requires an uneven number rulings in the High Court of Maldives, therefore three justice is appointed. Any verdict there must be reached by a majority, but must also include a 'minority report'.

As part of the newly independent judiciary a Prosecutor General is appointed, who is responsible for initiating court proceedings on behalf of the government, will oversee how investigations are being conducted and have a say in criminal prosecutions, duties previously held by the Attorney General. Also has the power to order investigations, monitor detentions, lodge appeals and review existing cases. The Prosecutor General of Maldives is appointed by the President and has to be approved by the Parliament.

The Maldives have, in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), undertaken to write the world's first Muslim criminal code. This project would formalize the proceedings of criminal justice in this tiny nation to one of the most comprehensive modern criminal codes in the world. The code has been written and awaits action by the parliament.

Meanwhile, Islam remains the only official religion of The Maldives with popular support of the people of the Republic. The open practice of all other religions are forbidden and such actions are liable to prosecution under the law of the country. According to the revised constitution, in article two, it says that the republic "is based on the principles of Islam." Article nine says that "a non-Muslim may not become a citizen of the Maldives"; number ten says that "no law contrary to any principle of Islam can be applied in the Maldives." Article nineteen states that "citizens are free to participate in or carry out any activity that is not expressly prohibited by sharia or by the law."

So basically a person is stripped of his citizenship which is a human rights violation and a violation of God's final message (quran).

The universal declaration of human rights and quran.

Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Unlike maldivian Islamic society, the Quran guarantees each individual complete freedom of religion :

[2:256] There shall be no compulsion in religion: the right way is now distinct from the wrong way. Anyone who denounces the devil and believes in GOD has grasped the strongest bond; one that never breaks. GOD is Hearer, Omniscient.

Freedom of religion In the Quran and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2009-11-26T22:13:00.001+05:00

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Quran.

Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Unlike most traditional Islamic societies, the Quran guarantees each individual complete freedom of religion:

quran sura 2, verse 256
[2:256] There shall be no compulsion in religion: the right way is now distinct from the wrong way. Anyone who denounces the devil and believes in GOD has grasped the strongest bond; one that never breaks. GOD is Hearer, Omniscient.

Unlike the Maldivian society, the Quran guarantees each individual complete freedom of religion. We need change in Maldives.